Urdu
Sindhi
Tuesday, September 16, 2025
Voice of Sindh
  • HOME
  • PAKISTAN
    • KARACHI
  • INTERNATIONAL
    Israel launches deadly strike on Gaza’s Indonesian Hospital as death toll crosses 13,000

    Israel launches ground assault on Gaza City

    China FM says Palestinian factions agree to set up reconciliation government

    Calls grow to shift UNGA session to Geneva after Trump administration refused visas to Palestinian President

    Nepal Prime Minister quits as anti-corruption protests spiral

    Nepal Prime Minister quits as anti-corruption protests spiral

    “Indus Echoes” Announces Release Dates for Hyderabad, Larkana

    “Indus Echoes” Announces Release Dates for Hyderabad, Larkana

    Israeli civilian shot dead Palestinian man in West Bank

    Israel claims 40% control of Gaza

    Indonesia: Earthquake shakes island Java killed 44

    Death toll in Afghanistan earthquake reaches 1400

    International Rescuers to reach Afghan quake survivors

    Afghanistan earthquake kills 622 with more than 1,500 injured

    Israel suffers worst combat losses since October, 10 soldiers killed in ambush

    Two Israeli soldiers killed, 13 injured, four missing

    Trump-Zelensky clash in Oval Office shouting match

    US approves $825 mn missile sale to Ukraine

  • BUSINESS
    FBR introduces new law mandating NOC for property transactions

    FBR chief dismisses reports of Rs100bn loss in faceless customs system

    Pakistan imports 450000 metric tons wheat from Russia

    Wheat price slashed in Karachi

    FBR introduces new law mandating NOC for property transactions

    FBR reports 16pc rise in monthly tax collection for August

    Relief Activities would continue for two years, Ahsan Iqbal

    Severe flooding in Punjab poses threat to Pakistan’s economy

    Govt notifies major amendments in pension rules

    EOBI pensioners to receive 15pc increase

    Petrol prices likely to increase up to Rs13 per litre

    Govt likely to drop petrol prices

    Utility stores passes subsidy removal burden to poor

    ECC okays Rs30.2bn grant for Utility Stores Corporation closure

    Nepra uncovers serious irregularities in billing, meter readings

    ECC approves major relief for power consumers

    IMF reaches staff-level agreement with Pakistan on final review of $3bn SBA

    IMF suggests insurance cover for losses in natural calamities

  • HEALTH
  • ENTERTAINMENT
    Tanushree Dutta reveals shocking reason for turning down huge ‘Bigg Boss’ offer

    Tanushree Dutta reveals shocking reason for turning down huge ‘Bigg Boss’ offer

    Logan Paul, Nina Agdal addresses split rumours weeks after their marriage

    Logan Paul, Nina Agdal addresses split rumours weeks after their marriage

    “Indus Echoes” Announces Release Dates for Hyderabad, Larkana

    “Indus Echoes” Announces Release Dates for Hyderabad, Larkana

    Shahid Kapoor reveals why he chose to take ‘outside route’ to Bollywood

    Shahid Kapoor reveals his Sunday rituals

    Here’s truth behind viral photo of Sidharth Malhotra & Kiara Advani’s daughter

    Here’s truth behind viral photo of Sidharth Malhotra & Kiara Advani’s daughter

    Indian actor-singer Anjali Raghav quits industry after accusing co-star of inappropriate touch

    Indian actor-singer Anjali Raghav quits industry after accusing co-star of inappropriate touch

    Maya Ali opens up about marriage ideas

    Maya Ali opens up about marriage ideas

    Salman Khan not able to sleep since Baba’s death, zeeshan Siddique

    Mumbai Crime Branch Nabs 27th Suspect in Baba Siddique case

    Aiman Khan, Muneeb Butt blessed with a baby girl

    Aiman Khan, Muneeb Butt blessed with a baby girl

    Trending Tags

    • pakistani actress
    • bollywood
    • fawad khan
    • Faisal Sabzwari
  • SPORTS
    • All
    • CRICKET
    ICC rejects PCB’s demand to remove match referee Andy Pycroft

    ICC rejects PCB’s demand to remove match referee Andy Pycroft

    Pakistan mulls to ‘boycott’ remaining matches of Asia Cup 2025 over referee dispute

    Pakistan mulls to ‘boycott’ remaining matches of Asia Cup 2025 over referee dispute

    T20CW: US win toss, bowl first against Pakistan

    Pakistan to host SA, SL and tri-nation series

    International martial arts Jameel Chandio calls on Dr. Umair Haroon at VOS

    International martial arts Jameel Chandio calls on Dr. Umair Haroon at VOS

    Real Madrid face major setback in Vitinha transfer

    Real Madrid face major setback in Vitinha transfer

    Pakistani athlete Faisal Shafi runs into record book at Sydney Marathon

    Pakistani athlete Faisal Shafi runs into record book at Sydney Marathon

    Messi, Mbappe, Benzema go up against one another for Best FIFA Player

    Liverpool to make Premier League record bid for Isak

    Pakistan beats arch-rivals India by 43 runs in U19 Asia Cup opener

    T20I tri-series: Pakistan win toss, elect to bat first against Afghanistan

    England to face Australia in Women World Cup Football semi-final

    Manchester United knocked out of English League Cup

    Trending Tags

    • PSL V
    • PSL 6 Abu Dhabi
    • PSL
    • PSL 5
    • Multan Sultans PSL 6
    • psl7
    • ICC ranking
    • ICC
    • Asia Cup 2022
  • BLOGS
    PM Shehbaz urges UN to take strict action against Israel’s genocidal acts

    Shehbaz Sharif likely to meet President Trump on UNGA sidelines

    US assures Pakistan of unwavering support in reaching IMF deal

    Pakistan, US sign strategic MoUs on critical minerals cooperation

    West Indies all-rounder injured ahead of ODI series against Pakistan

    West Indies all-rounder injured ahead of ODI series against Pakistan

    Water as Warfare: The Indus Treaty Is Becoming a Battlefield

    Water as Warfare: The Indus Treaty Is Becoming a Battlefield

    The truth about the conflict between israel and palestine (gaza)

    The truth about the conflict between israel and palestine (gaza)

    Earthquake jolts different parts of Punjab and KP

    3.2 magnitude earthquake jolts parts of Karachi

    IMF postpones talks with Pakistan seeking details of flood relief expenditure

    IMF urges India, Pakistan to de-escalate military tension

    IG Sindh police express concern over rising crime in Karachi

    Sindh govt issues high alert amid Indian aggression

    ‘Alien: Earth’ drops heart-pounding trailer

    ‘Alien: Earth’ drops heart-pounding trailer

No Result
View All Result
  • HOME
  • PAKISTAN
    • KARACHI
  • INTERNATIONAL
    Israel launches deadly strike on Gaza’s Indonesian Hospital as death toll crosses 13,000

    Israel launches ground assault on Gaza City

    China FM says Palestinian factions agree to set up reconciliation government

    Calls grow to shift UNGA session to Geneva after Trump administration refused visas to Palestinian President

    Nepal Prime Minister quits as anti-corruption protests spiral

    Nepal Prime Minister quits as anti-corruption protests spiral

    “Indus Echoes” Announces Release Dates for Hyderabad, Larkana

    “Indus Echoes” Announces Release Dates for Hyderabad, Larkana

    Israeli civilian shot dead Palestinian man in West Bank

    Israel claims 40% control of Gaza

    Indonesia: Earthquake shakes island Java killed 44

    Death toll in Afghanistan earthquake reaches 1400

    International Rescuers to reach Afghan quake survivors

    Afghanistan earthquake kills 622 with more than 1,500 injured

    Israel suffers worst combat losses since October, 10 soldiers killed in ambush

    Two Israeli soldiers killed, 13 injured, four missing

    Trump-Zelensky clash in Oval Office shouting match

    US approves $825 mn missile sale to Ukraine

  • BUSINESS
    FBR introduces new law mandating NOC for property transactions

    FBR chief dismisses reports of Rs100bn loss in faceless customs system

    Pakistan imports 450000 metric tons wheat from Russia

    Wheat price slashed in Karachi

    FBR introduces new law mandating NOC for property transactions

    FBR reports 16pc rise in monthly tax collection for August

    Relief Activities would continue for two years, Ahsan Iqbal

    Severe flooding in Punjab poses threat to Pakistan’s economy

    Govt notifies major amendments in pension rules

    EOBI pensioners to receive 15pc increase

    Petrol prices likely to increase up to Rs13 per litre

    Govt likely to drop petrol prices

    Utility stores passes subsidy removal burden to poor

    ECC okays Rs30.2bn grant for Utility Stores Corporation closure

    Nepra uncovers serious irregularities in billing, meter readings

    ECC approves major relief for power consumers

    IMF reaches staff-level agreement with Pakistan on final review of $3bn SBA

    IMF suggests insurance cover for losses in natural calamities

  • HEALTH
  • ENTERTAINMENT
    Tanushree Dutta reveals shocking reason for turning down huge ‘Bigg Boss’ offer

    Tanushree Dutta reveals shocking reason for turning down huge ‘Bigg Boss’ offer

    Logan Paul, Nina Agdal addresses split rumours weeks after their marriage

    Logan Paul, Nina Agdal addresses split rumours weeks after their marriage

    “Indus Echoes” Announces Release Dates for Hyderabad, Larkana

    “Indus Echoes” Announces Release Dates for Hyderabad, Larkana

    Shahid Kapoor reveals why he chose to take ‘outside route’ to Bollywood

    Shahid Kapoor reveals his Sunday rituals

    Here’s truth behind viral photo of Sidharth Malhotra & Kiara Advani’s daughter

    Here’s truth behind viral photo of Sidharth Malhotra & Kiara Advani’s daughter

    Indian actor-singer Anjali Raghav quits industry after accusing co-star of inappropriate touch

    Indian actor-singer Anjali Raghav quits industry after accusing co-star of inappropriate touch

    Maya Ali opens up about marriage ideas

    Maya Ali opens up about marriage ideas

    Salman Khan not able to sleep since Baba’s death, zeeshan Siddique

    Mumbai Crime Branch Nabs 27th Suspect in Baba Siddique case

    Aiman Khan, Muneeb Butt blessed with a baby girl

    Aiman Khan, Muneeb Butt blessed with a baby girl

    Trending Tags

    • pakistani actress
    • bollywood
    • fawad khan
    • Faisal Sabzwari
  • SPORTS
    • All
    • CRICKET
    ICC rejects PCB’s demand to remove match referee Andy Pycroft

    ICC rejects PCB’s demand to remove match referee Andy Pycroft

    Pakistan mulls to ‘boycott’ remaining matches of Asia Cup 2025 over referee dispute

    Pakistan mulls to ‘boycott’ remaining matches of Asia Cup 2025 over referee dispute

    T20CW: US win toss, bowl first against Pakistan

    Pakistan to host SA, SL and tri-nation series

    International martial arts Jameel Chandio calls on Dr. Umair Haroon at VOS

    International martial arts Jameel Chandio calls on Dr. Umair Haroon at VOS

    Real Madrid face major setback in Vitinha transfer

    Real Madrid face major setback in Vitinha transfer

    Pakistani athlete Faisal Shafi runs into record book at Sydney Marathon

    Pakistani athlete Faisal Shafi runs into record book at Sydney Marathon

    Messi, Mbappe, Benzema go up against one another for Best FIFA Player

    Liverpool to make Premier League record bid for Isak

    Pakistan beats arch-rivals India by 43 runs in U19 Asia Cup opener

    T20I tri-series: Pakistan win toss, elect to bat first against Afghanistan

    England to face Australia in Women World Cup Football semi-final

    Manchester United knocked out of English League Cup

    Trending Tags

    • PSL V
    • PSL 6 Abu Dhabi
    • PSL
    • PSL 5
    • Multan Sultans PSL 6
    • psl7
    • ICC ranking
    • ICC
    • Asia Cup 2022
  • BLOGS
    PM Shehbaz urges UN to take strict action against Israel’s genocidal acts

    Shehbaz Sharif likely to meet President Trump on UNGA sidelines

    US assures Pakistan of unwavering support in reaching IMF deal

    Pakistan, US sign strategic MoUs on critical minerals cooperation

    West Indies all-rounder injured ahead of ODI series against Pakistan

    West Indies all-rounder injured ahead of ODI series against Pakistan

    Water as Warfare: The Indus Treaty Is Becoming a Battlefield

    Water as Warfare: The Indus Treaty Is Becoming a Battlefield

    The truth about the conflict between israel and palestine (gaza)

    The truth about the conflict between israel and palestine (gaza)

    Earthquake jolts different parts of Punjab and KP

    3.2 magnitude earthquake jolts parts of Karachi

    IMF postpones talks with Pakistan seeking details of flood relief expenditure

    IMF urges India, Pakistan to de-escalate military tension

    IG Sindh police express concern over rising crime in Karachi

    Sindh govt issues high alert amid Indian aggression

    ‘Alien: Earth’ drops heart-pounding trailer

    ‘Alien: Earth’ drops heart-pounding trailer

No Result
View All Result
Voice of Sindh
Home BLOGS

Top 5 Mental Health Issues Being Faced By Youth

Web Desk by Web Desk
in BLOGS, EDITORS PICK
Reading Time: 9 mins read
0 0
A A
0
0
VIEWS
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter
Shahzaib Khurshid

 

Mental illness, also called mental health disorders, refers to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior.

RecommendedMust Read

PM Shehbaz urges UN to take strict action against Israel’s genocidal acts

Shehbaz Sharif likely to meet President Trump on UNGA sidelines

2 hours ago
0
Pakistan, Qatar reaffirm commitment to deepen strategic, economic ties

PM reaffirms solidarity with Qatar, condemns Israeli aggression

2 hours ago
0
Pakistani Director Dr Umair Haroon Makes Stunning IMDb Debut, Climbs from 2.6M to 113K in One Week

Pakistani Director Dr Umair Haroon Makes Stunning IMDb Debut, Climbs from 2.6M to 113K in One Week

22 hours ago
0
US assures Pakistan of unwavering support in reaching IMF deal

Pakistan, US sign strategic MoUs on critical minerals cooperation

1 week ago
0

What do you you think? Only Physical Health does matter?

“The only journey is the journey within?

My clear cut answer is obviously NOT. Because in this era of technology and competition nothing is more significant than peace of mind.Mental health is extremely important for the successful and extraordinary life.

Five Major Mental Health Issue of Youth in 2021:

There are lots of mental issue that are facing by our youth in this year especially in the days of pandemic.I am going to cover the five most common mental health issue of youth

 

  1. Anxiety and Stress
  2. Depression
  3. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
  4. Dementia and Mood Swings
  5. Suicidal Thoughts

 

  1. Anxiety Disorders:

Before discussing about this disorder you have to know what is Anxiety? Because there are lots of misconceptions about this mental disorder.

Anxiety:

 Anxiety is a feeling of unease, such as worry or fear, that can be mild or severe. Everyone has feelings of anxiety at some point in their life. For example, you may feel worried and anxious about sitting an exam, or having a medical test or job interview.

 

Stages of Anxiety:

  • Mildanxiety
  • Moderate anxiety
  • Severe anxiety
  • panic level anxiety
 

Normal level of Anxiety: Normal levels of anxiety lie on one end of a spectrum and may present as low levels of fear or apprehension, mild sensations of muscle tightness and sweating, or doubts about your ability to complete a task. Importantly, symptoms of normal anxiety do not negatively interfere with daily functioning.

10 Natural  Ways to reduce Anxiety:

    • Stay active. Regular exercise is good for your physical and emotional health. …
    • Don’t drink alcohol. Alcohol is a natural sedative.
    • Stop smoking. Smokers often reach for a cigarette during stressful times. …
    • Ditch caffeine.
    • Get Proper Sleep.
    • Meditate and Sit in calm and natural environments
    • Eat a healthy diet. .
    • Practice deep breathing.
    • Stay in your time zone
    • Follow the 3-3-3 rule; Look around you and name three things you see. Then, name three sounds you hear. Finally, move three parts of your body — your ankle, fingers, or arm.
 

2. Depression

You have listened a lot about this word because it is very common word in these days among youth.But what actually depression is?
Depression is a constant feeling of
  •  sadness
  •  loss of interest
  •  which stops you doing your normal activities
 
Different types of depression exist, with symptoms ranging from relatively minor to severe. Generally, depression does not result from a single event, but from a mix of events and factors.
 

Symptoms of depression:

  1. Sadness
  2. Tearfulness
  3. Emptiness or hopelessness
  4. Angry outbursts
  5. Irritability or frustration
  6. Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports.
 

Cure of Depression:

Although recurrence is common, it doesn’t mean this is permanent. There may be no technical “cure” for depression, but with assistance and treatment, depression — even recurrent depression — is treatable
When it comes to workouts that fight depression, aerobic and cardio exercises have the edge.
 
“What mental health needs is more sunlight, more candor, and more unashamed conversation”
 
3. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

It seems difficult to digest this term but do not worry about it.What is ADHD? I am going to make it easy for you.

ADHD is a medical condition that affects a person’s attention and self-control. Because of ADHD, people have a harder time staying focused. They may be more fidgety than others. ADHD can make it harder to control behavior, so kids and teens may get into trouble more.

 

3 Categories or Symptoms of ADHD:

  • Inattention: Short attention span for age (difficulty sustaining attention) Difficulty listening to others.
  • Impulsivity: Often interrupts others.
  • Hyperactivity: Seems to be in constant motion; runs or climbs, at times with no apparent goal except motion.

  • Is ADHD a serious problem?
  • Although certain symptoms may fade with age, ADHD can be a lifelong problem. And some people aren’t diagnosed with ADHD until they’re adults. It’s important for all grownups with ADHD to have treatment for it. If not, they’re more likely to have employment problems.

Treatment :

Standard treatments for ADHD in children include medications, behavior therapy, counseling and education services. These treatments can relieve many of the symptoms of ADHD , but they don’t cure it. It may take some time to determine what works best for your child.
 
 
4. Dementia and Mood Swings:
 
What is Dementia?
Dementia is not a specific disease but is rather a general term for the impaired ability to remember, think, or make decisions that interferes with doing everyday activities.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia.
 

Mood Swings:

  • Mood swings refer to rapid changes in mood. The term may refer to minor daily mood changes or to significant mood changes as seen with mood disorders such as major depression or bipolar depression.

 

Causes:

  •  Bipolar Disorder. Many people may think of bipolar disorder when they think about mood swings. …
  • . Sleep Deprivation. …
  • . Low Blood Sugar. …
  • . Stress. …
  • . Certain Medications. …
  • . Hormones. …
  • . Pregnancy
.Premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder
 
 
5.Suicidal Thoughts

Do not Die Before Death

When these thoughts come into a mind of a victimized person?
 
  1. History of conflict with a spouse or romantic partner.
  2. Current family legal or financial problems.
  3. History of mental health problems, particularly depression.
  4. Alcohol or drug abuse.
  5. Having access to a firearm.

Symptoms:

Suicide warning signs or suicidal thoughts include:
  • Talking about suicide — for example, making statements such as “I’m going to kill myself,” “I wish I were dead” or “I wish I hadn’t been born”
  • Getting the means to take your own life, such as buying a gun or stockpiling pills
  • Withdrawing from social contact and wanting to be left alone
  • Having mood swings, such as being emotionally high one day and deeply discouraged the next
  • Being preoccupied with death, dying or violence
  • Feeling trapped or hopeless about a situation
  • Increasing use of alcohol or drugs
  • Changing normal routine, including eating or sleeping patterns
  • Doing risky or self-destructive things, such as using drugs or driving recklessly
  • Giving away belongings or getting affairs in order when there’s no other logical explanation for doing this
  • Saying goodbye to people as if they won’t be seen again
  • Developing personality changes or being severely anxious or agitated, particularly when experiencing some of the warning signs listed above.
 

Causes

Suicidal thoughts have many causes. Most often, suicidal thoughts are the result of feeling like you can’t cope when you’re faced with what seems to be an overwhelming life situation. If you don’t have hope for the future, you may mistakenly think suicide is a solution. You may experience a sort of tunnel vision, where in the middle of a crisis you believe suicide is the only way out.

There also may be a genetic link to suicide. People who complete suicide or who have suicidal thoughts or behavior are more likely to have a family history of suicide

When to see a doctor

If you’re feeling suicidal, but you aren’t immediately thinking of hurting yourself:

  • Reach out to a close friend or loved one — even though it may be hard to talk about your feelings
  • Contact a minister, spiritual leader or someone in your faith community
  • Call a suicide hotline
  • Make an appointment with your doctor, other health care provider or a mental health professional
 

Suicidal thinking doesn’t get better on its own — so get help.

The bravest thing I have ever did was continuing my life when I wanted to die.

Conclusion:

The basic aim of writing of  this blog article is to spread awareness about mental health issues among youth.Because after the outbreak of Corona Virus and successive lock downs imposed by different countries create unrest among youth regarding their future.
The Socio-Economic situations are hampered badly.All you need is not to be worried.Just focus on problems and come up with its solution.If you can not do this then call an expert.
 
  • Treatment can involve both medications and psychotherapy, depending on the disease and its severity.
  •  At this time, most mental illnesses cannot be cured, but they can usually be treated effectively to minimize the symptoms and allow the individual to function in work, school, or social environments
  1. Healthy eating, getting plenty of sleep, and regular physical activity are all important to good mental health.
  2.  Learning skills which help deal with stress, feeling down, relationships or the symptoms of the illness, are also ways in which someone with a mental illness can look after themselves.
 
I know it is hard to face the challenges of life but it does not mean you loose hope and stuck in mental web by over thinking. Do not let negative thinking over power you.
 
Not just go with the flow,Be the Flow
 

Stay always happy and keep shining.Difficulties and calamities will not remain forever.It is a matter of time things will change and you will see the beauty of life in the end.

Stay Tuned for tremendous articles related to Biological sciences and Social Issues.

Tags: Mental health issues of youth

Get real time update about this post categories directly on your device, subscribe now.

Unsubscribe
Web Desk

Web Desk

Voice of Sindh is an initiative designed to uncover the untold stories of Sindh. It aims to preserve and promote the diverse culture, heritage, history, and traditions that make Sindh the bastion of pluralism and progress.

Related Posts

PM Shehbaz urges UN to take strict action against Israel’s genocidal acts
BLOGS

Shehbaz Sharif likely to meet President Trump on UNGA sidelines

2 hours ago
0
Pakistan, Qatar reaffirm commitment to deepen strategic, economic ties
EDITORS PICK

PM reaffirms solidarity with Qatar, condemns Israeli aggression

2 hours ago
0
Pakistani Director Dr Umair Haroon Makes Stunning IMDb Debut, Climbs from 2.6M to 113K in One Week
EDITORIALS

Pakistani Director Dr Umair Haroon Makes Stunning IMDb Debut, Climbs from 2.6M to 113K in One Week

22 hours ago
0

Recommended

52 more Pakistanis deported from US, EU, KSA

52 more Pakistanis deported from US, EU, KSA

8 months ago
0
PM Imran Khan address UNGA

‘I am fortunate to be back in office today’, says FM Qureshi

5 years ago
0
Sonakshi, Zaheer Iqbal’s upcoming movie lands in legal trouble

Sonakshi, Zaheer Iqbal’s upcoming movie lands in legal trouble

1 year ago
0
students faint extreme heat

Karachi to witness another heat wave next week

5 years ago
0

Categories

  • BLOGS
  • BUSINESS
  • CRICKET
  • CRIME
  • EDITORIALS
  • EDITORS PICK
  • EDUCATION
  • ENTERTAINMENT
  • FINANCE
  • HEALTH
  • INTERNATIONAL
  • KARACHI
  • KARACHI
  • MULTIMEDIA
  • OPINION
  • PAKISTAN
  • PSL V
  • SCI-TECH
  • SHORT FILMS
  • SPORTS
  • TECHNOLOGY
  • TOP STORIES
  • VIDEOS
  • WEATHER
  • YOUTH CORNER
Voice of Sindh

© 2020-24 Voice of Sindh | All Rights Reserved

Sections

  • Urdu
  • Sindhi
  • About VOS
  • Project Director
  • Contact

Follow us on

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In
No Result
View All Result
  • VoS URDU
  • VoS SINDHI
  • PAKISTAN
  • KARACHI
  • TOP STORIES
  • EDITORS PICK
  • INTERNATIONAL
  • BUSINESS
  • HEALTH
  • ENTERTAINMENT
  • SPORTS
  • BLOGS

© 2020-24 Voice of Sindh | All Rights Reserved